Cognitive Reflection Test

Dunning–Kruger effects in reasoning: Theoretical implications of the failure to recognize incompetence

Published in: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Volume 24, Issue 6, December 2017, 1774-1784 Abstract “The Dunning–Kruger effect refers to the observation that the incompetent are often ill-suited to recognize their incompetence. Here we investigated potential Dunning–Kruger effects in high-level reasoning and, in particular, focused on the relative effectiveness of metacognitive monitoring among particularly biased reasoners. Participants who made […]

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Algebraic reasoning and bat-and-ball problem variants: Solving isomorphic algebra first facilitates problem solving later

Published in: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Volume 24, Issue 6, December 2017, 1922-1928 Abstract “The classic bat-and-ball problem is used widely to measure biased and correct reasoning in decision-making. University students overwhelmingly tend to provide the biased answer to this problem. To what extent might reasoners be led to modify their judgement, and, more specifically, is